![]() The next section of this topic discusses the most common of these. In addition to Boolean operators, databases use a number of other symbols to construct searches. The symbols used by the key law databases are set out later in this topic. You should be able to use these Boolean operators within a wide variety of databases. NOT - use NOT when you want one search term to appear within the document but the other not to appear. ![]() OR - use OR when when you want one term or another, or both, to appear within the document.įalse imprisonment OR deprivation of liberty Murder W/10 provocation - the word murder will be within 10 words of provocation (any order) (HeinOnline) Murder /10 provocation - the word murder will be within 10 words of provocation (any order) (Lexis Advance, WestlawAU) Murder NEAR/10 provocation - the word murder will be within 10 words of provocation (any order) (AustLII) Use WITHIN when you want both search terms to appear in the same document within, or near, so many words of each other.ĭifferent databases use different words or symbols for the proximity symbol: WITHIN is similar to AND, but is more powerful. They are used to represent a relationship between two search terms.ĪND - use AND when you want both search terms to appear within the same document. The most useful Boolean operators are AND, OR and WITHIN. They derive from Boolean algebra, which was established by George Boole in the 19th century.Įach database may use a different symbol to represent these connectors, but they work in the same way. Library Search includes articles from Gale, HeinOnline, Kluwer, Oxford and ProQuest, although Library Search does not support sophisticated search strings.īoolean operators are the most common operators/connectors in databases (and not just in the law databases). Westlaw has the publishing contract for authorised court reporting series.ĪustLII and Jade publish open access legal content.Īrticles from Lexis Advance, Westlaw, and AustLII are not included in Library Search results. Results in each database only include articles from those journals each publishes. Lexis Advance and Westlaw Australia are competitors in legal publishing. repeat searches in each database for comprehensive research.Rather, use the search connectors to complement these existing features and you will be able to retrieve the best results more quickly than you would otherwise. While they are very useful, do not rely on search operators to the point that you ignore the built-in filtering mechanisms - such as advanced search forms - that exist in most databases. ![]() You can use these terms and connectors for any kind of research, including case law and journal articles. Using the correct connector can save you time and stress, and help you find the exact piece of information you need. Search operators are connecting words and/or symbols which affect how your search terms are dealt with by a database. Using search operators is a smart tactic for finding precise results understanding them can make searching easy. use Boolean search operators (terms and connectors).
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